電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜產(chan)品的絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)測電(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)緣(yuan)的體積電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，表面電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)不進行測量，而影(ying)(ying)響電(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值的因(yin)(yin)素比較(jiao)多，在實際中主要(yao)(yao)有四(si)個因(yin)(yin)素對絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)系數的影(ying)(ying)響較(jiao)大。

溫度影響

溫度(du)上升(sheng)，絕緣(yuan)電阻(zu)(zu)系(xi)數下降(jiang)(jiang)，這是由于熱運動增(zeng)加(jia)，離子(zi)的(de)產生和遷移都有所增(zeng)加(jia)，在電壓的(de)作用下，由離子(zi)運動所形成(cheng)的(de)傳導電流(liu)增(zeng)大(da)，因(yin)而絕緣(yuan)電阻(zu)(zu)下降(jiang)(jiang)。理論和實踐表明(ming)，絕緣(yuan)電阻(zu)(zu)系(xi)數隨溫度(du)增(zeng)加(jia)按指數式(shi)下降(jiang)(jiang)，而電導則隨溫度(du)升(sheng)高(gao)而按指數式(shi)增(zeng)大(da)。

電場(chang)強度的影響

當(dang)電(dian)(dian)場強度在比較低的(de)(de)范圍內，離(li)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)遷(qian)移(yi)率隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)場強度增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)而增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)，離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)流與電(dian)(dian)場強度服從(cong)歐姆定律，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)場強度比較高時(shi)，離(li)子(zi)(zi)遷(qian)移(yi)率隨(sui)電(dian)(dian)場強度的(de)(de)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)而增(zeng)高的(de)(de)趨勢逐漸由線性(xing)關(guan)系變(bian)為指數(shu)關(guan)系，當(dang)接近(jin)擊穿(chuan)時(shi)還會出現大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)遷(qian)移(yi)，這時(shi)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻系數(shu)大(da)大(da)的(de)(de)降(jiang)低。

標準中規定(ding)的(de)各種電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜產(chan)品(pin)的(de)耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)都(dou)在離(li)子(zi)的(de)遷(qian)移率隨電(dian)(dian)場強度成比(bi)例增加的(de)階段，所(suo)以電(dian)(dian)場強度對(dui)絕(jue)(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)阻系數的(de)影響反映不出(chu)來，當試片樣(yang)品(pin)做擊(ji)穿(chuan)試驗(yan)時，電(dian)(dian)場對(dui)絕(jue)(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)阻系數的(de)影響就明顯的(de)反映出(chu)來了。

濕度的(de)影響

由(you)于小(xiao)的(de)電(dian)導(dao)大，而(er)水分(fen)子的(de)大小(xiao)遠比聚合物(wu)的(de)分(fen)子小(xiao)的(de)多，在熱作用下聚合物(wu)大分(fen)子和組成的(de)鏈節相對運動，水分(fen)子就便(bian)于滲入聚合物(wu)內(nei)(nei)，使(shi)聚合物(wu)內(nei)(nei)導(dao)電(dian)離子增多，而(er)使(shi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)阻下降(jiang)。

標準中規定了(le)各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜的浸水(shui)試驗，例如橡(xiang)皮試片(pian)在(zai)測(ce)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻之(zhi)前浸水(shui)24小時，其目的就(jiu)是(shi)因為在(zai)使用(yong)中要(yao)遇到潮(chao)氣(qi)和(he)水(shui)對電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)性(xing)能的影響。

絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻是(shi)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)材料主要電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)(xing)能(neng)之(zhi)一(yi)，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜產品或材料的(de)一(yi)個重要指標，一(yi)般都要求(qiu)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻不(bu)低于(yu)某一(yi)個數值。如果絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值過低，則沿著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜線(xian)路的(de)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流必然增多，造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)浪費，同(tong)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)變為熱能(neng)，為熱擊穿準備條(tiao)件，增加了熱擊穿的(de)可能(neng)性(xing)(xing)。

在(zai)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)緣(yuan)中，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以利用(yong)不同(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻系數的(de)材料組成(cheng)分(fen)階絕(jue)緣(yuan)，以提高材料的(de)利用(yong)率，提高表面電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻系數對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)緣(yuan)也(ye)十分(fen)重(zhong)要，當表面有(you)(you)污物(wu)和水分(fen)時，由于其分(fen)布不均勻(yun)(yun)，可(ke)(ke)能使(shi)部分(fen)表面承(cheng)受(shou)較(jiao)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，而導致局部放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)沿面放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，造成(cheng)嚴(yan)重(zhong)故障，但也(ye)有(you)(you)時還要用(yong)人為方法降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)表面電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線芯(xin)，因(yin)為表面不完全光滑導致的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場分(fen)布不均勻(yun)(yun)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場強度(du)較(jiao)高會引(yin)起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在(zai)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線芯(xin)表面包以導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橡皮或(huo)半導塑料后就會降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)線芯(xin)表面電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場強度(du)消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈，還有(you)(you)，可(ke)(ke)以根(gen)據絕(jue)緣(yuan)材料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻系數的(de)變化情況來判(pan)斷材料的(de)受(shou)潮程度(du)。

材料純度的影響

材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)混入雜質，增加了材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)導電(dian)(dian)質點，使(shi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)下降，所以某一種(zhong)橡(xiang)皮和塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)(de)大小將反映出材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)純度的(de)(de)高低，驗證其是(shi)否符合標(biao)準規(gui)定(ding)。在電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)生產過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程(cheng)不嚴格遵守操作(zuo)規(gui)程(cheng)，混合雜質、材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)受潮而起泡(pao)，絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)偏芯或外徑尺寸小于標(biao)準規(gui)定(ding)，絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分層或有裂縫，絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)刮傷(shang)等，都會使(shi)產品的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)降低。因此(ci)檢(jian)查(cha)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)一定(ding)要檢(jian)查(cha)工(gong)(gong)藝操作(zuo)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)否存在問題，在電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜使(shi)用過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，測量絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)還可以檢(jian)查(cha)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)損(sun)壞情況，預防發生事故(gu)。

為(wei)(wei)(wei)了提高(gao)家中電路的(de)(de)安全(quan)性(xing)，小編建議大家使(shi)用(yong)低煙無鹵阻燃電纜(lan)(lan)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)家裝(zhuang)電線。電纜(lan)(lan)企業一(yi)貫使(shi)用(yong)高(gao)純(chun)度無氧銅(tong)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)線芯杜絕過載的(de)(de)發生(sheng)，同時使(shi)用(yong)自主研發的(de)(de)環(huan)保材料(liao)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)絕緣，大大減小了漏電短(duan)路的(de)(de)風險，作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)線使(shi)用(yong)更為(wei)(wei)(wei)您的(de)(de)家人帶來(lai)多重保護，這樣符合國標的(de)(de)線纜(lan)(lan)才(cai)能真正地(di)保障我(wo)們的(de)(de)生(sheng)命安全(quan)。切不可抱(bao)有(you)僥幸的(de)(de)心理(li)，一(yi)旦發生(sheng)意外，追悔莫及(ji)！

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