江蘇電線電纜放炮故障是什么

由于種種原(yuan)因，絕緣出現(xian)嚴重(zhong)損壞，產生跳閘(zha)的事故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。稱為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜放炮(pao)。這類故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)的特(te)點是：電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)點多數有鉛(qian)包或(huo)(huo)同皮破(po)裂，外部(bu)有不同程(cheng)度的變形；電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)性(xing)質常表現(xian)為(wei)(wei)兩相短路接(jie)(jie)地或(huo)(huo)兩相斷線并接(jie)(jie)地，其(qi)接(jie)(jie)地電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)一(yi)(yi)般較小，解剖故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)點，可發(fa)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧擊穿的碳化點或(huo)(huo)樹狀(zhuang)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)碳道與裂痕(hen)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜放炮(pao)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)，其(qi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)特(te)征(zheng)明顯(xian)，大(da)多數情(qing)況(kuang)下，運行(xing)值(zhi)班人員(yuan)都能(neng)提供放炮(pao)大(da)致位(wei)置。所以，這類故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)除少數較復(fu)雜的情(qing)況(kuang)需(xu)測(ce)距外，一(yi)(yi)般只要用(yong)(yong)萬用(yong)(yong)表測(ce)定(ding)(ding)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)的具體(ti)性(xing)質（單相接(jie)(jie)地、短路接(jie)(jie)地、斷線接(jie)(jie)地等），可用(yong)(yong)聲測(ce)法直接(jie)(jie)定(ding)(ding)點，簡單明了。

（2）擊穿故障

實(shi)際工作中(zhong)，因預(yu)防性(xing)(xing)試(shi)驗而觸發(fa)的(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)緣破壞事件(jian)，習慣稱為電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)擊穿(chuan)。該(gai)類(lei)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)均發(fa)生(sheng)在直流實(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下，其絕(jue)(jue)緣破壞為電(dian)(dian).擊穿(chuan)，接地(di)點(dian)一般鉛(qian)包(bao)或同皮完好，外部無明顯變(bian)形（機(ji)械(xie)創傷除外）。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)擊穿(chuan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)多為單純性(xing)(xing)接地(di)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，其接地(di)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，解剖故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)，絕(jue)(jue)緣材料沒有(you)(you)碳(tan)化點(dian)，但通(tong)過儀器可(ke)發(fa)現碳(tan)孔和水樹枝老(lao)化結構。對電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)擊穿(chuan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，特別是一些高(gao)阻接地(di)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)擊穿(chuan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，其測(ce)(ce)試(shi)難(nan)點(dian)在測(ce)(ce)距。由于該(gai)類(lei)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)較(jiao)(jiao)為隱蔽，測(ce)(ce)試(shi)參數復雜多變(bian)，缺少規律性(xing)(xing)，所以能否迅速發(fa)現電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)，測(ce)(ce)距是關(guan)鍵。"高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)回線法"、"電(dian)(dian)錘法"均具有(you)(you)探測(ce)(ce)該(gai)類(lei)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)較(jiao)(jiao)有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)方法。