電線電纜廠家未來發展將以質量和創新為重點

隨著中國電力(li)行(xing)業的(de)(de)發展，對于配套產業的(de)(de)要求也越(yue)來越(yue)高(gao)，電線(xian)電纜作為(wei)電力(li)配套產業中的(de)(de)重要一(yi)環，同樣也不例外，面臨著升級換代的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求，以(yi)適應中國電力(li)發展的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求。未來的(de)(de)電線(xian)電纜企業應從提高(gao)技術、節約原材(cai)料、開(kai)發新型環保材(cai)料等方面下功(gong)夫。

電(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)纜行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)推動了(le)電(dian)力(li)輸配、電(dian)能傳輸等(deng)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，隨著我(wo)國(guo)電(dian)力(li)、數據通(tong)信、城市軌道交通(tong)等(deng)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，有增加(jia)了(le)對電(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)纜的(de)(de)產品需求，促(cu)進(jin)了(le)該行(xing)業(ye)規模的(de)(de)提升。未來,電(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)纜行(xing)業(ye)技(ji)術的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)主要涉(she)及到了(le)以下幾個方(fang)面。

1、碳(tan)纖(xian)維(wei)近些年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)越來越快，有(you)(you)一(yi)種(zhong)可能(neng)(neng)是(shi)碳(tan)纖(xian)維(wei)電纜將(jiang)來也(ye)許會替代傳(chuan)統(tong)鋼芯鋁(lv)絞線(xian)(xian)。碳(tan)纖(xian)維(wei)電纜是(shi)傳(chuan)統(tong)鋼芯鋁(lv)絞線(xian)(xian)(裸(luo)導線(xian)(xian))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)替代產品，主(zhu)要應用于110kv~220kv線(xian)(xian)路。較之常規鋼芯鋁(lv)導線(xian)(xian)(ACSR)，ACCC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋁(lv)截(jie)面積(ji)增(zeng)加29%，而(er)單位長度重量輕(qing)20%，因(yin)而(er)在容許的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)懸垂(chui)度一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，采用ACCC可以(yi)極(ji)大(da)提升(sheng)線(xian)(xian)路傳(chuan)輸能(neng)(neng)力，降(jiang)低損耗。電纜企業(ye)，可以(yi)通過將(jiang)大(da)量普通導線(xian)(xian)更(geng)換(huan)為(wei)ACCC導線(xian)(xian)，可以(yi)不新增(zeng)線(xian)(xian)路而(er)實現(xian)電網擴(kuo)容，大(da)幅(fu)節(jie)約土地、塔(ta)架、工程成本，而(er)且符合(he)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)增(zeng)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政策方向。碳(tan)纖(xian)維(wei)復(fu)合(he)導線(xian)(xian)將(jiang)是(shi)現(xian)有(you)(you)導線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)革命性替代產品。從而(er)為(wei)那些在碳(tan)纖(xian)維(wei)復(fu)合(he)導線(xian)(xian)領域擁(yong)有(you)(you)強有(you)(you)力競爭(zheng)優勢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)提供(gong)了新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)機遇(yu)。

2、高(gao)溫超導技術(shu)未(wei)來將會得(de)到(dao)大發展。由于(yu)高(gao)溫超導線纜具有價(jia)格(ge)相對低(di)、容量(liang)大、損耗低(di)、無(wu)電(dian)磁污染等優勢(shi)，在(zai)國(guo)際(ji)上(shang)頗(po)受重(zhong)視，許(xu)多國(guo)家已(yi)(yi)將發展超導產業上(shang)升到(dao)戰(zhan)略高(gao)度。我國(guo)已(yi)(yi)在(zai)高(gao)溫超導技術(shu)方面獲得(de)重(zhong)大突破。

同時，在(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)電(dian)纜的(de)基礎上(shang)，國家相關計劃中(zhong)還設立對"高(gao)溫(wen)超(chao)導(dao)輸電(dian)"重大(da)項目進行扶持。目前(qian)，我國每(mei)年從國外進口(kou)高(gao)溫(wen)電(dian)纜約二(er)十億(yi)元用(yong)于國內建設，預計到2020年全球超(chao)導(dao)應用(yong)的(de)市場將(jiang)達2440億(yi)美元(約合14869億(yi)人民幣)，高(gao)溫(wen)超(chao)導(dao)電(dian)纜約占5%的(de)份(fen)額。

所以，高溫(wen)超導技(ji)術的研發與應用將是今后電線電纜行業的重(zhong)要(yao)技(ji)術。

3、鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)稀(xi)土優化處理(li)技(ji)術將會大發展。用(yong)連(lian)鑄連(lian)軋工(gong)藝生產電工(gong)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)桿在(zai)中國(guo)(guo)已(yi)相當普及，性能(neng)也良好。但設備(bei)(bei)仍停留在(zai)70年(nian)代初(chu)期水平，技(ji)術上沒有多大創新。要積極(ji)推廣(guang)我國(guo)(guo)特有的鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)稀(xi)土優化處理(li)技(ji)術，并利用(yong)引(yin)進的部分(fen)關鍵(jian)專用(yong)設備(bei)(bei)和(he)(he)技(ji)術添加鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)鋯合金，將熔(rong)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)燃煤(mei)爐改造成熔(rong)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)燃油或天然氣(qi)爐，全部消除熔(rong)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)燃煤(mei)爐燃煤(mei)煙塵和(he)(he)煙氣(qi)的排放，并設置煙氣(qi)過濾裝置凈化煙氣(qi)，提高(gao)(gao)排放質量(liang)，提高(gao)(gao)成品率，降低成本，同時(shi)使導(dao)線工(gong)作溫度從70℃提高(gao)(gao)到(dao)150℃，載流量(liang)提高(gao)(gao)1.6倍。

鋁(lv)代銅(tong)技術(shu)已(yi)(yi)經提出了很多(duo)年，在歐美等國(guo)家已(yi)(yi)經應用(yong)(yong)的(de)非常普遍，在亞洲(zhou)應用(yong)(yong)的(de)范圍并(bing)(bing)不廣(guang)泛(fan)，但是(shi)(shi)近些(xie)年中國(guo)許多(duo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)企業已(yi)(yi)經開(kai)始嘗試鋁(lv)代銅(tong)。美國(guo)通(tong)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)甚(shen)至已(yi)(yi)經和上海電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)研究所搞(gao)出來一(yi)套鋁(lv)合(he)金電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)標準體系。由(you)于銅(tong)材相(xiang)較于鋁(lv)材有(you)著較好的(de)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)、導熱性(xing)，并(bing)(bing)且(qie)在輸(shu)送電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時能夠(gou)減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)損耗，因此一(yi)直被電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)生(sheng)產企業難割難舍。目前(qian)(qian)，我國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)行(xing)業超過60%均使(shi)用(yong)(yong)銅(tong)材制造電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。由(you)于銅(tong)資源(yuan)相(xiang)較于匱乏，并(bing)(bing)且(qie)目前(qian)(qian)國(guo)內(nei)已(yi)(yi)探明的(de)銅(tong)資源(yuan)均被深度甚(shen)至是(shi)(shi)過度開(kai)發(fa)。

鋁(lv)合金電纜的導電性能與銅(tong)芯電纜不相(xiang)(xiang)上下(xia)，其柔韌性則相(xiang)(xiang)較(jiao)于(yu)銅(tong)芯電纜更勝(sheng)一籌，改變了(le)(le)以往純(chun)鋁(lv)電纜機械(xie)強度(du)差、抗疲勞能力低、接頭處容易發生事故(gu)等缺點，保障了(le)(le)電纜在長時(shi)間(jian)過(guo)載(zai)和(he)過(guo)熱的情(qing)況下(xia)電纜連接的持(chi)續穩定性，還(huan)彌補了(le)(le)傳統銅(tong)電纜有記(ji)憶效應和(he)高(gao)反彈性能等缺陷，減低了(le)(le)線損。

除此之外，無論從原(yuan)材料(liao)生產(chan)、加工(gong)、制造(zao)再到運(yun)輸、安裝、運(yun)行、回收，種種方面來看，鋁合金(jin)電(dian)纜相(xiang)比傳統的(de)銅(tong)芯電(dian)纜，都有不可比擬的(de)經濟和環保優勢，毫無疑問將是(shi)銅(tong)線(xian)纜的(de)最佳替代品，這對(dui)于(yu)料(liao)重工(gong)輕的(de)電(dian)線(xian)電(dian)纜企業其實(shi)是(shi)一件好事(shi)，起(qi)碼能夠減(jian)少對(dui)于(yu)資金(jin)的(de)需求量，要知道(dao)中國是(shi)個銅(tong)產(chan)量很(hen)少的(de)國家(jia)，銅(tong)基(ji)本靠進口，但是(shi)確是(shi)一個產(chan)鋁大國。不僅如此，鋁價也比銅(tong)價要低得多(duo)，對(dui)于(yu)減(jian)少資金(jin)需求無疑非常(chang)有利。

4、隨著(zhu)霧霾等(deng)環(huan)境污染的(de)出現，如今的(de)人們(men)越來(lai)越重(zhong)視環(huan)保(bao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)行業(ye)也不例外(wai)，必(bi)然面(mian)臨對于(yu)環(huan)保(bao)的(de)要(yao)求。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)行業(ye)的(de)環(huan)保(bao)主要(yao)指(zhi)的(de)就是材料環(huan)保(bao)。目前，生(sheng)產(chan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)大(da)量(liang)使(shi)用橡膠(jiao)、聚氯(lv)乙烯、聚乙烯等(deng)高(gao)分子化工(gong)材料。在生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)大(da)量(liang)有(you)毒有(you)害氣體。因此要(yao)積(ji)極開發環(huan)保(bao)型(xing)材料，生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)保(bao)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。日本藤倉等(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)公司在開發了環(huan)保(bao)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)后，為(wei)了壟斷(duan)市場(chang)，積(ji)極推進(jin)政府頒布環(huan)保(bao)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)產(chan)品標準。近年來(lai)，環(huan)保(bao)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)銷售份額急劇擴大(da)，普通(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)和阻燃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)根本無法與其競爭。另外(wai)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)邊角(jiao)余料，可以直(zhi)接(jie)回收回用。

5、從(cong)電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的安裝來(lai)看，也面臨新的發展趨勢，那就是護套薄、截面小型化。鑒于安裝、使用以及運輸(shu)的便利性，同時盡可(ke)能的減少原(yuan)材(cai)料成本(ben)，電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)產品越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)有(you)一(yi)種發展傾(qing)向，即線纜(lan)發展為護套更薄，截面更小，同時保證載(zai)流量。相對于前幾種，這要求一(yi)種綜(zong)合的電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)行業技術。